The main expectation from this study is for the future implementation of direct reuse as a sustainable potable water source in South Africa with full public support for the technology, operational, maintenance and monitoring effectiveness, and the final water quality.

As a way to plan the amount and the technological requirements of Reclaimed Water facilities and where they fit in the territory according to sustainable and economical constrictions CBT is developing its own Reclaimed Water Master Plan detecting and quantifying the potential of Reclaimed Water demands in the Besòs and Tordera basins.

In order to overcome water reuse barriers, CETAQUA has defined physical-virtual centers of expertise in water reuse focused on gathering real data and translate it into evidences. These centers of expertise have been named Water Reuse Hubs and aim to address local barriers in order to answer the local (stakeholders) needs, ease infrastructure planning and boost new projects.

The European project AquaNES focuses on the demonstration of treatment schemes combining natural and engineered systems (cNES) for water treatment. This paper focuses on wastewater treatment via wetlands and the evaluation of the investigated system combinations in regard to European water reuse regulations.

Especially for municipalities in extreme dry regions, water reuse is increasingly seen as an important strategy towards water security. Municipal wastewater treatment plant partnerships envisage high-quality operation of wastewater treatment plants through effective capacity development and know-how transfer on a peer-to-peer basis.